IP address is necessary for every host because to identify the host in the network it must be unique address and it is a logical IP address. it is 32 bit in size this 32 bits was split in to 8 bits separate with dot called as doted decimal. A ip address consists of two parts Network ID and Host ID. Network ID identifies the network of which the host is a part, it uses to routers to maintain information about routes. Host ID it identifies the individual host,assign by organizations to individual devices. Example: Physical street address are necessary to identify the location of specific homes and businesses so that mail can reach those real-world locations efficiently. In the same way, logical IP addresses are used to identify the location of specific devices on an IP network so that data can reach those network locations efficiently. Every host, computer, network device, or peripheral connected to the Internet has a unique 32 bit IP address that identifies it. Without a structure for allocating all of those IP address, it would be impossible to route packets efficiently. The IPV4 address is the most common type of address that is currently used on the internet. An IP address is a hierarchical address.
IP Address Fields :
This describes the IP address fields in the IP protocol data unit (PDU).
As explained in the "Host-to-Host Communication Model" lesson, data is encapsulated as it travels down the protocol stack. At the network layer, it is encapsulated into a packet(Network layer PDU). The packet has several fields. In this topic, The focus will be on two of those fields i.e., source address and destination address. Source address specifies the 32-bit binary value that represents the IP address of the sending endpoint. Destination address Specifies the 32-bit binary value that represents the ip address of the receiving endpoint.
IP Address Format: Dotted Decimal Notation :
The binary-to-decimal and decimal-to-binary
In any given IP address, a portion of the 32-bit number represents the network and the remaining bits represent the host. Although many computers may share the same network address, combining the network address with a host address uniquely identifies any device that is connected to the network. The IP binary number is 1010110000010000100000000010001. For usability, these 32-bit numbers are broken up into four groups of number called octets. One octet is 8 bits. Each octet is then represented as a decimal number between 0 and 255, and separated by a period or dot, This scheme is know as "dotted notation."
